British Colonization to India

The firstly European power to arrive in India was the army of Alexander the large in 327-326 BC. The satraps he established in the northwest quickly crumbled afterward he left. Later, commercial trade was carried between Indian states and the Roman pudding stone by Greco-Roman sailors that reached India by sailing on the Red and Arabian Seas. ?The Portuguese sailor, Vasco da Gama, was the first European to arrive in India exclusively by navigating the sea, at the end of the 15th century.Having arrived in Calicut, which by thence was one of the major trading ports of the eastern world, he obtained permission by Manavikraman Raja to trade in the city from Saamoothiri Rajah. (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/British_Empire). British empire has been in India since the early 1600s, when the East India Company started trading and British missionaries first began their efforts. A large number of Christian schools providing side of meat education were set up trough out India by the early 1800s. The process of producing English- speaking natives in India began with the Minute of 1835, which officially endorsed T. B.Macaulays goal of forming a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons, Indians in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinion, in morals and in intellect (quoted in Kachru 1983, p. 22). English became the official and academic spoken communication of India by the early twentieth century. Direct administration by the British, which began in 1858, complete a political and economic unification of the subcontinent. The rising of the nationalist tendency in the 1920s brought some anti-English sentiment with it even though the movement itself apply English as its medium.Once independence was gained and the English were gone, the perception of English as having an alien power base changed however, the controversy about English has move to this day. Kachru notes that English now has national and inte rnational functions that are both obvious and complementary. English has thus acquired a new power base and a new elitism (Kachru 1986, p. 12). Only about three percent of Indias population speak English, but they are the individuals who lead Indias economic, industrial, professional, political, and social life.Even though English is generally a second language for these persons, it is the medium in which a large(p) number of the interactions in the above domains are carried out. Having such important info moving in English conduits is often not appreciated by Indians who do not speak it, but they are relatively incapacitated to change that. Its inertia is such that it cannot be easily given up. This is particularly true in South India, where English serves as a usual language in the way that Hindi does in the North. Despite universe a three percent minority, the English speaking population in India is quite large.With Indias massive population, that three percent puts India among the top four countries in the world with the highest number of English speakers. English confers many advantages to the influential batch who speak it which has allowed it to retain its prominence despite the strong opposition to English which rises periodically. When British rule came to an end in 1947, the subcontinent was partitioned along religious lines into two separate countriesIndia, with a majority of Hindus, and Pakistan, with a majority of Muslims the eastern packet of Pakistan later split off to form Bangladesh.Many British institutions stayed in go in (such as the parliamentary system of government) English continued to be a widely used lingua franca and India remained within the Commonwealth. Hindi became the official language (and a number of other local languages achieved official status), while a vibrant English-language intelligentsia thrived.